Essay on Alcohol Abuse and Native Americans - 1754 Words

The impact of various kinds of substances to cultural groups has historically been precipitated by the significance of particular substances on different cultural groups (Moore, 2010).This is mainly because the long term usage of these substances leads to the integration of the consumption of the substance into the cultural patterns of the given group. One such group that has been affected by the extensive usage of a particular substance is the Native American community. According to the Associated Press (2014, August 28), as noted on the MSNBC website, out of ten deaths among the Native American population, one is Alcohol related. Additionally, the prevalence of Alcohol consumption among the Native American population relates to†¦show more content†¦However, in order to understand the culture of the Native Americans, it is important to study each group distinctly from the other. While the history of the Native Americans is beyond the scope of this paper, it suffices to not e that the enduring cultural practices of the Native Americans have had an impact on the abuse of substances such as Alcohol (Moore Gay, 2010). The prevalence of alcohol among this cultural group has been influenced in two ways: by a misperception, social rules, norms and customs, and traditions that have normalized drinking among certain tribes. The contextual cultural experiences of most Native Americans has led to the normalization of drinking especially among age groups and related events such as among peers and when preaching. Nevertheless, the stereotype of the â€Å"drunken Indian† has also had an impact on the consumption levels in this cultural group (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2011). A study of the Navajo Indians led to the conclusion that stereotype can lead members of the group to consider excessive drinking as a normal part of the cultural practices of a particular cultural group. Indeed, the Native American population has been influenced by such stereotypes which traverse the history of the Indians, for example, in as far as consumption of alcohol is concerned (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2011). According to statistics held by the U.S. National Library ofShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Abuse Within Native American Societies Essay1303 Words   |  6 PagesSubstance abuse is a topic most prefer not to discuss; it destroys lives, relationships and families all over the world. Native Americans seem to have suffered immensely by it. Since the coming of the Englishmen and the introduction of new knowledge and tools Native people have been trying to hold on to their own culture and their own way of life. Unfortunately with them came new items for consumption, alcohol was one of the main ingredients to the internal downfall of Native populations. Native AmericanRead MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead MoreAlcohol Use And The Problems Associated With High Risk Drinking Among Native Americans1445 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol use and the problems associated with high-risk drinking among Native Americans/ Native Alaskan populations has taken a toll within this particular group of people. Alcohol was initially introduced to the Native American culture by white settlers who had arrived from Europe. Soon after the settler’s arrival, alcohol became a commodity used for trade with Indians for t heir crops. Alcohol prior to this introduction was not widely used but, this however made alcohol prevalent with Native peopleRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On American Indians And Alaska1429 Words   |  6 Pagesaddiction to consumption of alcohol to a point where individuals become unable to live a normal and healthy live. â€Å"Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading preventable cause of death in the United States and has a greater health impact on American Indians and Alaska Native than on other racial groups† (Landen, M., Roeber, J., Naimi, T., Nielsen, L., Sewell, M., 2014). American Indians and Alaska Natives have the â€Å"highest rate of binge drinking (30.2%) and heavy alcohol use (8.5%) of all racialRead MoreLegacy of Leslie Marmon Silko Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesMarmon and Mary Virginia Leslie. She is Pueblo Laguna, Mexican and Euro-American heritage. Silko grew up near the Laguna Pueblo Indian Reservation in Southwest New Mexico. She attended both BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) schools and parochial schools. Her Native American family made sure she had an understanding of Native American traditions which included storytelling, and a deep appreciation of the land and customs of Native people from her grandmother and aunts (Hunter, 2006). Each tribe mayRead MoreIntegrating Holistic Modalities into Native American Alcohol Treatment1295 Words   |  6 Pagesreceptor on alcohol dependence rates among Native Americans. Ehlers, et al. (2008) noted that people with lower risk of becoming an alcoholic were more sensitive to the effects of alcohol, while people at higher risk for alcoholism were less sensitive to the effects. The research team also discussed the firewater myth that is common among current Native American culture, which postulates a constitutional predisposition to alcoholism as a result of an innate altered response to alcohol (Ehlers, etRead MoreThe Perils Of Indifference By Louise Erdrich755 Words   |  4 Pagesto numerous situations: â€Å"The opposite of live is not hate, it’s indifference† (American Rhetoric: Elie Wiesel - The Perils of Indifference, 2016). Through his life experiences and words,Wiesel illustrates the dangers of indifference on society and the lives of its individuals. Examining Louise Erdrich’s novel Love Medicine and the complex use of individuals used to emphasize the cultural identity of Native American reservation life the theme of love emerges. Marie Kashpaw, especially, demonstratesRead More Special Education Implementation For Native American Girls Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education Implementation For Native American Girls Quality education for children has been an ongoing issue for todays society. There has also been an increasing concern for the education of students with special needs. The effect of these concerns has been noted in many communities, such as the Native American community. The population of special education students in the Native American communities is not necessarily higher than others, however, their community is effectedRead MoreThe Effects Of More Than A Century Of Repression Against The Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas832 Words   |  4 Pagespeople and fall into the trap of drugs and alcohol like their parents; men and women trying to survive without employment, own land rented to white ranchers lost the use of its inhabitants. How are indigenous communities tremendously affected by alcohol? To better understand the problems of alcohol consumption among indigenous communities, case studies conducted in Panama and Canada will collect information related to the history a nd patterns of alcohol consumption, and responses that communitiesRead MoreNative American Wom Health Disparity1337 Words   |  6 Pages Native American Woman: Health Disparity Kevin Villa Ramirez California State University, Sacramento As with many races and ethnicities, Native Americans have had the front row seat in social injustices related to gender and race from the social institutions in the United States. Native Americans faced much discrimination along with other groups when it came to educational institutions and businesses. In education, many young children had lower math and writing skills leading

How One Fulfills A Dream - 1570 Words

How one fulfills a dream is a contested and unsettled concept. Is it based on luck, skill, chance, or something else entirely? Attributing a dream’s success to outside forces, such as luck and chance, creates unambitious tendencies. On the other hand, when a person has an internal locus of control, a belief that he or she can influence their success themselves, they take their life into their own hands and control their own destiny. In multiple studies, it has been shown that those with an internal locus of control, as opposed to an external one, have lived to be more intelligent, independent, and successful later in life. But even with these known statistics, many people continually choose to leave their dreams to chance. While this is†¦show more content†¦And so, by capitalizing â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time†, Hurston argues that many people look to a higher power when attempting to accomplish a dream. In the beginning of the book, Hurston refrains fro m mentioning any characters, plot, or even a clue at the setting. Instead, she chooses to enlighten the reader on her view of dreams, an abstract concept that has no tangible outcome. In the opening paragraph, she compares a dream to a ship on a horizon, and states, â€Å"Ships at a distance have every man’s wish on board. For some they come in with the tide. For others they sail forever on the horizon, never out of sight, never landing until the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation, his dreams mocked to death by Time† (1). Capitalizing â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time† gives the two words emphasis and importance, just as one would capitalize a name and even God. Thus, Hurston creates this parallel to magnify both the â€Å"Watcher† and â€Å"Time† to show their over-arching power on a man’s dream. Yet, Hurston says that â€Å"the Watcher turns his eyes away in resignation† while the dreams are â€Å"mocked to death† by time. Even though â€Å"resigning† and â€Å"mocking† are disheartening reactions from someone, they still do not inhibit one from continuing to chase their dreams. And so, Hurston claims that although people look to higher powers to seek their approval, one could still carry on towards reaching their dream. In addition, Hurston repeats the word â€Å"some† twice, referring to the twoShow MoreRelatedOrganizing and Drafting Your Definition Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide details. FIRST PARAGRAPH: INTRODUCTION Introduce the concept of the American Dream. Explain why it’s important to define the concept and why it is difficult in some cases to define the concept. success isnt something you chase. Its something you have to put forth the effort for constantly. Then maybe itll come when you least expect.- Michael Jordan. Michael Jordan gave a speech about the American Dream in his definition. Michael Jordan focused on being successful, and being happy withRead MoreHarlem A Dream Deferred Analysis762 Words   |  4 Pagesbecomes their dream, but people do not always fulfill these dreams. There are obstacles that come in the way of people being able to fulfill their dreams. In â€Å"Harlem [A Dream Deferred]† Langston Hughes uses imagery and rhetorical questions in order to demonstrate what happens to a dream. The theme that appears through Langston Hughes poem is the theme of not pursuing a dream. Through Hughes poem, this theme is demonstrated and the imagery helps in conveying the idea of having a dream postponed. Read MoreA Of The Sun Is A Play Written By Lorriane Hansberry882 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by the poem Langston Hughes wrote, A Dream Deferred. She used a line in his poem, for the title of her book, although there is not one raisin in the play you can see many dreams being deferred. Langston poem ask us a question on what happens to our dreams when they do not become reality. Walter had a dream on providing for his family rather than having to work everyday for the whites, rather he would like to own his own business. While his dream could have been fulfilled, Willie ran off withRead More1) How Does Gatsby Represent the American Dream? and What Does the Novel Have to Say About the Condition of the Amrican Dream in 1920s?1116 Words   |  5 Pagesreality, illusion and immorality, no one would probably deny that the predominate one focuses on the American Dream and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is th e central of this novel. This can be explained by how Gatsby came to get his fortune. By studying the process of how Gatsby tried to achieve his own so-called American Dream, we could have a better understanding of what American dream is all about, in those down-to-earthRead More1) How Does Gatsby Represent the American Dream? and What Does the Novel Have to Say About the Condition of the Amrican Dream in 1920s?1110 Words   |  5 Pagesreality, illusion and immorality, no one would probably deny that the predominate one focuses on the American Dream and the downfall of those who attempt to reach its illusionary goals. The attempt to capture the American Dream is the central of this novel. This can be explained by how Gatsby came to get his fortune. By studying the process of how Gatsby tried to achieve his own so-called American Dream, we could have a better understanding of what American dream is all about, in those down-to-earthRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1 130 Words   |  5 Pagesthe American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. During the Founding Fathers’ time, many believed the American Dream meant freedom, equality, and mutual respect. Time has changed this ideology of the American Dream, which is now seen as owning a million dollar mansion with multiple luxury cars. This isn’t the case for many immigrants who come to the Americas to have a better life for themselves and their family. To many of them, the American Dream is as simpleRead MoreEssay on Dream Deferred in A Raisin in the Sun1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Happens to a Dream Deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore– And then run? (Langston Hughes). It is important to never lose sight of one’s dream. Dreams are what keep people moving in life, but if they are ignored, they may morph and lose their prevailing form. This is evident in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, as Walter’s, Beneatha’s, and Mama’s dreams become delayed, distorted, and blurred. Walter has long dreamed of making his family’sRead MoreOf Mice and Men: The Death of the American Dream1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death of the American Dream The American Dream has always been one of the most prominent ideals in American society. Of Mice and Men was written by Steinbeck in 1937. It focuses on the lives of two men, Lennie and George, as they try to fulfill their own American Dream of owning a small farm. While this seems like an attainable dream in the beginning, Steinbeck chooses instead to destroy this dream utterly with the death of Lennie. Curley’s wife had an American Dream of being an actress, butRead MoreThe Day Of The Locust Analysis1439 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream because you have to be asleep to believe it.† –George Carlin. In the novel, the Day of the Locust, Nathanael West is able to depict the falsity behind the American Dream. West sees Hollywood’s version of the phenomenon known as the American Dream as a myth that many people fall victim to, which is shown through the recurring themes of despair in the novel. Through the characters of The Day of the Locust, Nathaniel West is able to illustrate the dangers of the Hollywood dream. AccordingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1453 Words   |  6 Pagespathetic victims of society, each of them pathetic in their own ways. Yet all of them are lonely, in need of companionship, in need of a relationship and in desperate need to make their dreams come true. Specifically, Steinbeck uses the two main protagonists George and Lennie to convey the theme of the American dream. At the beginning the two men get a job working on a farm together after fleeing from their last jobs at a place called Weed. Lennie is mentally young and has great physical strength

Top Trucking Company Case Study Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Find out the Employment Relation at Top Trucking Company that is mentioned in Constructive Relations at Top Trucking Company Case Study. Asnwer: Introduction Human resource management (HRM) is an important activity for managing the employee relationship and maintaining employment relation (Godard, 2014). The purpose of this study is to find out the employment relation at Top Trucking Company that is mentioned in Constructive Relations at Top Trucking Company case study. Effective HRM highly cares about the value of the employees, which can definitely lead to good employment relation. This report will explain the new workplace practice, which has been introduced by new yard manager. The report will discuss the risks, which the organization can face to sustain the change of the organization, when George and new yard will manager move on. Apart from that, the public or service sector unions will be compared with the tough blue collar unions for their engagement in the change of organization. New Workplace Practice Workplace practice examines the nature, types and structure of the work environment in an organization. Moreover, it is the building block of good work environment within an organization. According to Nettleton et al., (2016), good workplace practice encourages the employees towards enhancing their productivity with good support of the leaders. McGrath-Champ et al., (2015) opined that effective workplace practice fosters employee commitment towards achieving the common goals of the organization. The former yard manager was quite autocratic in his leadership. He was also not much supportive to the workers. Hence, the workplace practice was quite discouraging for the workers. However, the new yard manager of the organization is highly communicative and democratic in his leadership. He has initiated new workplace practice for the workers within the organization. The nature of new workplace practice of Top Trucking Company is explained below: Openly Communicative Workplace The new yard manager of the organization always communicates openly with the workers and union of the workers. For the benefits of the organization, the manager is always flexible towards sharing the most information with the workers and unions. Moreover, the manager has brought a harmonization among the employees towards leading them in achieving organizational goals. On the other hand, due to open nature of the workplace practice, the workers are more capable of raising their issues and get solution to the problems immediately. Autonomy to Workers As per Marginson, (2015), successful businesses always dedicate the workers some level of authority to control their own jobs. Neuhaus et al., (2014) stated that effective workplace practice ensures sufficient autonomy for the worker to deal with their jobs. In Top Trucking Company, the new yard manager never treats workers like children. Moreover, he provides enough freedom or autonomy to the workers for making them more responsible towards performing their jobs. Apart from that, the new yard manager demonstrates high level of concern for developing the skills of workers. Moreover, he always provides regular training and development programs for developing workers skills so that they can deal with their jobs by their own. Safe Workplace The new manager is always focused on the occupational health and safety issues with the workers. As a part of this initiative, the manager has introduced effective training and development programs for the drivers, which are related to technical as well as customer service skills. In this way, the drivers are safer now in their driving by avoiding any physical harm. Moreover, enhanced technical skills can also assist the workers towards complementing each other in their workplace. Furthermore, the new uniform and rejuvenating trucks of the organization have also brought a feeling of pride among the workers. Continuous Learning Environment and Shared value According to Mencl and Lester (2014), shared workplace environment can foster more creativity and innovation within the workplace. On the other hand, Ogbonnaya and Valizade, (2015) opined that shared workplace environment foster workplace collaboration towards better achievement of organizational goals. The new yard manager never hides the successes as well as the pressures of the workers. Moreover, he never unnecessarily blames others without checking the things out and exploring the hindrance preventing the organizational success. Apart from that, the yard manager always used to go out of his way for consulting with the work union with the same effort towards enhancing the organizational productivity. Risk for Sustaining Change Gap between Strategy and Execution According to Zhao et al., (2014), lack of poor leadership can result in huge gap among the strategy formation, process of work, communication between the departments and process execution. On the other hand, Bromiley et al., (2015) opined that poor leadership also results in cognitive gaps between the strategy making and strategy execution. In case, if the new manager of Top Trucking Company moves on, then the workers can face absence of control in performing complex jobs. Moreover, the employees can also face lack of proper direction in performing their jobs as per the changing workplace culture. Moreover, the workers can face confusion regarding the uncertain things in the changing workplace without proper leadership. It can ultimately create gaps in strategy execution. Possibility of Workplace Conflict According to van den Heuvel et al., (2014), trade union plays noteworthy role in managing the harmonization between the workers and managers. Trade union always assists in maintaining positive work environment through proper collective bargaining between the management and group of workers. On the other hand, Schaffer et al., (2013) opined that trade union also communicate the interests of the work groups to the management for their fulfillment. In such extent, if George-union delegate moves on, the workers of this organization can face huge challenges towards communicating with the management and resolving their issues. On the other hand, the worker group can also lose the legal support from the trade union in fulfilling their interest. In this way, this situation can ultimately lead to workplace situation. High Chance of Job Burnout and Turnover According to Allen et al., (2013), proper managerial support is highly required towards maintaining the success of organizational change. In this situation, if the new manager of this organization is replaced, then it can create poor management in the organization. Lack of support from proper manager can create job stress for the employees in the changing environment. In this way, if the new manager moves on, then it can create job burnout for the workers, which can ultimately hamper the organizational change. On the other hand, Meyer et al., (2016) opined that increasing complexity level of the jobs in organizational changes can also decrease the employee morale. Likewise, the workers of this organization can also feel de-motivated with complexity level of the jobs in the organizational change, if the manager moves on. Hence, this situation can also lead to high turnover in the organization. Lack of Work Efficiency According to Smits and Bowden, (2015), effective leadership always focuses on employee development towards increasing their work efficiency and maintaining the success of changes brought in the organization. In this situation, if the new manager is replaced, it can create lack of skill developmental programs for the workers. In this way, this situation can ultimately reduce the work efficiency level of the employees towards maintaining change in the organization. Blue Collar Unions VS Service or Public Sector Union Organizational change is always related to technological advancement, organizational structure and business process (Allen et al., 2013). These factors are less likely to impact on blue collar workers and more likely to impact on service or public sector employers. Hence, the service or public sector unions are more willing to show resistance for the change in organization than tough blue collar unions. While seeing the organizational change at Top Trucking Company, the changes have been incorporated as new rejuvenated fleets, new uniforms and cleaned up yards for the drivers. Apart from that, the organization has also appointed new encouraging yard manager for bringing some fresh air in the workplace. The cleanup yard leads to highly hygienic workplace for the workers towards their increasing productivity. On the other hand, the modern facilities incorporated in the rejuvenated fleets have actually increased the flexibility of the drivers towards operating the fleets. Hence, all the organizational changes seem to be helpful for the blue collar employees of this organization. Therefore, tough blue collar unions are less likely to raise resistance for the organizational change. However, the organization has also incorporated new computerized system in the business process. Hence, while collar employees can be highly influenced through this change, which may require to develop new skills for the employees. Therefore, white collar employees are more likely to resist changes than blue collar workers. Public or service sector unions most often deal with the employees, who are frequently promoted or demoted from their current position due to any organizational change. Hence, public or service sector employees are more influenced by the organizational change in regards to organizational power distribution (Bromiley et al., 2015). Therefore, public or service sector unions are high resistant towards accepting the organization changes, when there is chance of demotion for the employees. On the other hand, tough blue collar unions mostly deal with the workers, who do not usually have more chance of promotion. Therefore, the organizational change cannot much influence the public or service sector workers, which it deals with power distribution in the organization. Hence, tough blue collar workers are less likely to show resistance towards accepting the organizational change. Apart from that, organizational change can have direct impact on the white collar employees. Therefore, they are more scared about accepting the organizational change. It creates more resistance from the part of public or service unions towards accepting the organizational change. On the other hand, blue collar workers are only indirectly influenced from any change in organization. Therefore, blue collar employees are more willing towards engaging in organizational change, if it seems to be beneficial to them. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be found that the new yard manager of Top Trucking Company is highly open towards communicating with the workers and union. He has initiated shared work environment in the workplace, where workers are given more value as per their contribution. On the other hand, the manager always shares vital organizational information with the workers and union towards achieving organizational success. However, there can be a huge gap between the strategy formulation and strategy execution in managing the change organization, if George or yard manager are changed. Furthermore, the tough blue collar unions are more tended towards engaging in the change of organization than the service or public sector unions References Allen, D.K., Brown, A., Karanasios, S. Norman, A., (2013). How should technology-mediated organizational change be explained? A comparison of the contributions of critical realism and activity theory.Mis Quarterly,37(3), pp.835-854. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A. Rustambekov, E., (2015). Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), pp.265-276. Godard, J. (2014). The psychologisation of employment relations?.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), 1-18. Marginson, P. (2015). The changing nature of collective employment relations.Employee Relations,37(6), 645-657. McGrath-Champ, S., Rainnie, A., Pickren, G., Herod, A. (2015). Global destruction networks, the labour process and employment relations.Journal of Industrial Relations,57(4), 624-640. Mencl, J., Lester, S. W. (2014). More alike than different: What generations value and how the values affect employee workplace perceptions.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(3), 257-272. Meyer, M. A., Cross, J. E., Byrne, Z. S. (2016). Frame Decoupling for Organizational Change: Building Support Across Divergent Stakeholders.Organization Environment,29(2), 231-251. Nettleton, S., Sebbens, T., Fairhall, H., Firth, T. (2016). Stay agile: Managing employment relations in the new economy.Governance Directions,68(8), 475. Neuhaus, M., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., Owen, N., Eakin, E. G. (2014). Workplace sitting and height-adjustable workstations: a randomized controlled trial.American journal of preventive medicine,46(1), 30-40. Ogbonnaya, C. N., Valizade, D. (2015). Participatory workplace activities, employee-level outcomes and the mediating role of work intensification.Management Research Review,38(5), 540-558. Schaffer, M. A., Sandau, K. E., Diedrick, L. (2013). Evidence?based practice models for organizational change: overview and practical applications.Journal of advanced nursing,69(5), 1197-1209. Smits, S. J., Bowden, D. E. (2015). A perspective on leading and managing organizational change 1.Economics and Business Review,1(2), 3. van den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E. Bakker, A.B., (2014). How psychological resources facilitate adaptation to organizational change.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(6), pp.847-858. Zhao, X., Hwang, B.G. Pheng Low, S., (2014). Enterprise risk management implementation in construction firms: An organizational change perspective.Management Decision,52(5), pp.814-833.

Leslie Hornby Essays - Twiggy, Model, Waif, Kate Moss, Vogue, W

Leslie Hornby At 17 Leslie Hornby took hold of the world. At 21 she let it go, she was the original waif, a 60's phenomenon a superstar. She was "Twiggy" (Vogue). Leslie Hornby was the revolutionary woman who changed the idea of beauty in the eyes of the fashion industry and the entire world. Twiggy exemplified the androgynous mod look that swept America as it had Britain and much of Europe in the 1960's. She healthily maintained a 5 ft 6 1/2 inch 90 lb body. Based on her thin figure, a nickname of "Twiggy" was derived. Twiggy's popularity not only produced many people who tried to look like her but also drastically increased the hourly wages of models. She paved the way for current top models like Kate Moss, Elle MacPherson, and Linda Evangelista. Twiggy was major trendsetter in America during the sixties even though she was born in England. She was found by Nigel Davies in a salon, while working as a shampoo girl. He saw her potential and immediately took her to get a haircut at a Mr. Leonard's trendy salon in London. Mr. Leonard put her picture in his shop window, and a short time later that picture was featured in the London Daily Express with a caption that read "This is the face of 1966" (Wilson). Davies, who preferred to be called Justin De Villeneuve, was quite an interesting character with his past resume containing ex-model, ex-antique dealer, and ex-hairdresser. After he discovered her, he (age 25) became Twiggy's (age 15) agent and boyfriend. He took her to Paris and a short while after her popularity grew, she was put on the cover of Elle Magazine, as well as Paris Match and the British edition of Vogue. During Twiggy's peak success in Europe, De Villeneuve set up Twiggy Enterprises Ltd. where he gathered a line of clothes, false eyelashes, cosmetics, dolls, and posters all endorsed by Twiggy. The business brought in millions. Since Twiggy was so young, Justin ran the entire business. She only had to agree to what she liked and put her name on it. The thought of a Model taking advantage of her success to start an enterprise was completely revolutionary. Once again Twiggy paved the way for models like Cindy Crawford, Claudia Schiffer, Kate Moss, and Naomi Campbell all of which opened highly successful restaurants, and made exercise tapes, clothes, calendars, posters, and many other products. The enterprising aspect of being a top model was started by Twiggy and that influence is commonly seen in the business world today. Twiggy's next step in her career was to travel to the United States. Twiggy's success soared when she made her first visit to America. On March 20,1967 the second she stepped off the plane she was swarmed by fans, and was candy to the media's eyes. She was like a fever that spread. Everyone wanted a piece of her. Her pictures were everywhere. Twiggy's popularity allowed her to charge revolutionary high prices an hour. She charged as much as $240 an hour opposed to a 50's top model like Suzy Parker who only received about $40 an hour (Century of Models). Once again Twiggy set the standard for 90's top models to earn outrageous sums of money. For example, the 90's Twiggy (Kate Moss) earns about 26.3 million dollars a year. One reason for Twiggy's great success was that the public had never seen anyone like her. She had a completely new look that took the entire world by surprise. During the 40's, long limbed, and sophisticated was the trend. In the 50's, a more curvaceous womanly look (Marilyn Monroe) was in. Twiggy set the 60's waiflike standard. What a leap from Marilyn to Twiggy. They were almost completely opposite. Twiggy's influence is still seen on today's runways and television. The current day Twiggy is Kate Moss. Her figure is strikingly similar (Twiggy 31-22-32, Moss 33-22-35) (Century of Models). Remarkably, Twiggy's favorite thing to eat was ice cream, bananas and hot fudge, she doesn't drink or smoke but "eats like a horse" (Time). Twiggy is one of those girls who has an extremely high metabolism and is healthy but just cannot gain weight. As a child, her mother was very worried about Leslie's thinness and took her to see many doctors. The doctors concluded that the thinness was just a result of her body type and couldn't be helped. When asked what she thought of her figure as "the thing of the future" she replied "it's not really what you